What is Apple Bootcamp and How to Make it Work?
The Race to be Number One
When Apple began using Intel processors in their Mac computers, the race was on to be the first to run Microsoft Windows on the Apple hardware. Hackers took to the challenge, as they tend to do, with enthusiasm. Since Windows is designed specifically to run on Intel and other “x86-compatible” chips, the only roadblock preventing Windows from running on the new Macs was the system’s boot firmware.
Traditional Intel-based PCs use BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) for their boot environment
This is the code, almost like a mini operating system, that tells the various computer components how to start and work together. It also acts as an intermediary between the operating system (e.g., Windows) and the hardware (e.g., the disk drive). That way, the operating system just needs to know how to talk to BIOS, not necessarily every piece of hardware in existence (this is a different issue than device drivers and happens on a lower level).
Apple Uses EFI
Instead of BIOS, Apple computers use EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface), a newer alternative to the older BIOS standard. Accordingly, Apple OS X is designed to talk to EFI for hardware access.
The Difference is Vast
Because of the EFI/BIOS difference, running Windows on a Mac is like fitting a square peg in a round hole, even though they are now using the same x86-based CPUs. There’s nothing like a challenge to get the creative juices flowing in the hacker community, and in January 2006 enthusiast Colin Nederkoorn established a contest with a cash award to the first person who was able to boot Windows XP on a Mac. The contest was won by the team of Jesus Lopez Amaro (aka “Blanka”) and Eric Wasserman (aka “narf2006″) in March of the same year. The next month Apple released the first version of its Boot Camp software. It was as if the company, itself started by hackers in a garage, was waiting for the community to solve the problem before they stepped up with the official solution.
About BootCamp
Boot Camp is software offered by Apple that allows users to install and run Microsoft Windows operating systems on the Mac hardware in a painless and seamless manner. Boot Camp walks the user through the entire process of adding Windows to a Mac, from creating a partition on the hard disk to burning a drivers disc to actually installing Windows.
Full-Speed Ahead, None of that Virtualization Gibberish
Running Windows with Boot Camp is not an emulation like Virtual PC, it is a full-speed implementation of Windows on a Mac. Boot Camp simply takes all the guesswork out of the process and makes installing Windows as easy on a Mac as on any other computer. Boot Camp differs from modern full-speed virtualization programs like Parallels in that it provides an environment for dual-boot computing; resources are dedicated exclusively to the running operating system, not shared between a host and a guest OS.
In Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), Boot Camp was an optional download. In OS X 10.5 (Leopard), Boot Camp is included with the OS. Since the release of Leopard, Apple has stopped offering Boot Camp as a download for Tiger. You can get Boot Camp only by upgrading to Leopard.
Using Boot Camp is a three-step process:
1. Use the Boot Camp Assistant to prepare your Mac for a Windows installation;
2. Install Windows
3. Install Boot Camp drivers in the new Windows installation.
Backup First of Course
Since Boot Camp changes the configuration of your hard drive, be sure to back up all your important data before using Boot Camp to install Windows. When you’re ready to use Boot Camp, you can launch the Boot Camp Assistant from the Applications/Utilities folder.
The Boot Camp Assistant will assist in preparing your Mac for a Windows installation. Its primary purpose is to create a hard disk partition for Windows to use. A partition is a chunk of hard disk space an operating system can use for its files. The Boot Camp Assistant will ask you how much space you want to give to Windows. While you have to allow at least 5GB for a Windows partition, Boot Camp’s suggestion of 32GB is a good amount; it is the partition size limit for FAT filesystems. You can also select to divide your disk equally between OS X and Windows or enter a custom size for your Windows partition, but you cannot elect to give more space to Windows than you have free on the disk. If you have more than one disk, you can select it and use it in its entirety; you cannot eliminate your OS X partition from your startup disk using Boot Camp.
Partitioning is Done Automatically
Boot Camp will partition your hard disk as directed, and most of the time it will do so seamlessly and without destroying any of your data, but if something does go wrong, you’ll be glad you made a backup before you started.
This Good Assistant Does it all for you
After Boot Camp creates a partition for Windows, it is ready to do the installation for you. The Boot Camp Assistant will instruct you to insert your Windows XP or Vista disc. It has to be a 32-bit full-install disc, not an upgrade disk. For Windows XP, it must be a SP2 disc. No earlier editions of Windows are supported, though both Home and Professional versions of Windows XP are supported, as are the Home Basic, Home Premium, Business, and Ultimate editions of Windows Vista.
After you’ve inserted your Windows disc, press the “Start Installation” button in the Boot Camp Assistant to proceed. Your computer will restart and the Windows installation will begin. One of the first questions posed by the Windows installer is which disk partition to use for Windows. Boot Camp helpfully labels the partition as “<BOOTCAMP>” so be sure to select this one; do not attempt to create or delete any partitions during this phase. Once you select the partition, you must select the filesystem to use. If you use the FAT filesystem you will be able to read and write files from the Windows volume while in OS X, but if you select NTFS you will not be able to save files from OS X. If sharing data between OS X and Windows is important, select FAT. Otherwise, select NTFS for better security and performance.
From this point, Windows installation proceeds as it would on any other computer. When it is complete, you need to install the special hardware drivers for your Mac hardware, including Bluetooth, networking, audio, the iSight camera, etc. In previous versions of Boot Camp, you had to burn a Windows drivers CD during the Boot Camp Assistant phase of the installation, but in Leopard the Windows drivers are included on the Leopard install disc, so if you insert this disc while running Windows the Boot Camp drivers installation should start immediately; otherwise you can double-click the setup.exe on the optical drive (usually D:) to start the installation. The driver installation proceeds like most Windows installations do: automated with a reboot at the end.
That’s it
Windows is now running at full speed on your Mac, courtesy of Apple’s Boot Camp software.
You can choose to boot either OS X or Windows when you restart your Mac, and you get the best of both worlds.