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Like a computer virus, computer worms are self replicating and destructive to computer networks. Yet, unlike viruses, worms are not attached to particular files, do not require a host program and, rather than focus on infecting and damaging the particular computer that it is running on, a worm is almost always designed to target the network of which the computer is a part. Whereas computer viruses are most often designed to target computer files, worms are created to disrupt networks. Unlike viruses that require a user to open and execute a file to activate and spread, a worm is self-propagating, completely self-contained and do not require execution once downloaded the way a virus file has to be opened to activate.
Like Trojans, worms are often programmed to open backdoors to the system allowing the writer remote control of the infected system. Once the system has been accessed the hacker can utilize its hardware, stored data, IP address and bandwidth for its own ventures that often include credit and identity theft.
Remote access of computer networks means that the worm developers gain access to large numbers of computers. It is common for developers to sell lists of IP addresses to spammers, similar to selling a mailing list to a telephone solicitor. Worms are also designed to deliver advertising software, or adware, that issues pop-up ads and spyware, which exports your personal information and browsing history to an external location.
Like other forms of malware, worms are spread by email attachments or other similar media files. It is important that users are careful when opening attachments: if you do not recognize the sender of the email then opening unknown attachments is best avoided. And, even if the sender is one of your contacts, worms are able to steal email addresses from infected computers and send email that appears legitimate but actually contain infected attachments.
More recently worms are being spread through instant messaging programs such as MSN Messenger or AOL Aim. Users will receive a message that appears to be from a contact but is actually the worm spreading itself and, once opened by the user, contaminates the new system. Sometimes worms do not require attachments at all. In this case the email contains a link that appears benign but, when clicked, hijacks the user taking them to a website where the worm is automatically downloaded.
There are ways to protect your self against worms, and other forms of malicious software. Similar to the way that you would not carelessly open the door to let a stranger into your house in the middle of the night, or follow an unknown person down a dark alley, by being aware and exercising some diligence computer infections can be avoided.
First, don’t open unexpected or unknown attachments. This way you can limit your system’s exposure has to potential damage. If you get an email from someone you know with a strange subject heading or incomprehensible content it is a good idea to be wary and check with him or her before opening any attachments. It is a good idea to run up-to-date anti-virus software on your computer. Many of these programs increase your security, automatically scan attachments and offer warnings about suspicious looking files.
